As I've explained before, these two groups often work together. As a vendor, you generally focus on the end-users if you sell technical or complex products -- i.e., products where the user has a real vested interest in performance.

If you sell lab filtering flasks, for example, and the Director of Lab Services for your state's Department of Agriculture and Food prefers filtering flasks made by Indigo Instruments, well, then that's something you need to know if you're going to have any success in selling to that agency. You'll have to sell Indigo's product or convince the lab head yours is better.

But it's important to know official buyers, too, for reasons that include the following:

• They have a broad understanding of what the agency buys.
• They make the buying decisions for commodities, non-technical products, and routine services.
• They can tell you who the end-users are for complex product and services.
• Though they may not USE them, they can certainly influence the decision on which technical or complex products to buy.
• They are the source for awards data, including who has provided what product/service in the past, the pricing and other contract details.
• They have knowledge of the agency's planned future procurements.

Finding buyers is considerably easier than finding end-users for the following reasons.

• They are concentrated in the purchasing organization, as opposed to end-users who can be located anywhere in an agency.
• Often a buyer directory is published at an agency's web site. If you're lucky, a buyer directory will show the types of products or services that each buyer is responsible for purchasing.
• The employee breakdown of the purchasing organization is usually shown in published, paper directories available from the public information office.
• At a minimum, the public information office will provide you with contact information for the head of the purchasing organization.

To find the main agency site, try using the following search engines and the keywords representing the agency's name.

Federal: FirstGov, http://www.firstgov.gov
State and Local: Google, http://www.google.com

Using the State of California as an example, you'd find the buyer directory as follows:

Entering "state California" into Google.com produces a link to the state site, http://www.ca.gov/state/portal/myca_homepage.jsp.

At the home page, click through the following link hierarchy:

  Business
    Doing Business with the State
      Selling to the State
        Procurement Division Directory

The California home page provides links to directories of California counties and cities with web sites. Directories like these are valuable tools for finding local government buyers.

The California example is a fairly typical outline of the path you'd follow for large and medium sized states. The purchasing organization's directory is reasonably easy to find by following an intuitive path starting on the state home page and clicking on a link called "Business", "Doing Business with", "Business Opportunities" or "Vendor Information."

In smaller states, counties, and cities, you may find only contact information for the head of the purchasing organization, rather than a directory of individual buyers.